The Virunga region has been affected by the war in Rwanda from 1990 to 1994, and from the insurgency of militia groups from the DRC to Rwanda from 1994 to 1998. People have moved through the forest to launch attacks and to hide. The Virunga forest is also the home of one of the two populations of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). The Virunga population totals 350 individuals (IGCP press release January 2001) and the Bwindi population in Uganda totals 300 individuals (McNeilage, Plumptre, Brock-Doyle and Vedder, Oryx, 2001, 35,1,39-47), bringing the world population of mountain gorillas to only 650 individuals. The gorillas in the Virungas have suffered considerable losses during the war, with at least 16 individuals killed directly by the fighting. The impact of the insecurity and conflict on their habitat, their behaviour and their reproductive success has yet to be fully determined, but the population growth falls below that which would have been expected if conditions had been 'normal.